![]() The easiest way to encode Base64 strings in Node.js is via the Buffer object. This is where Base64 encoding comes extremely handy in converting binary data to the correct formats. Therefore, if you want to send images or any other binary file to an email server you first need to encode it in text-based format, preferably ASCII. On the other hand, the ASCII character set is widely known and very simple to handle for most systems.įor instance email servers expect textual data, so ASCII is typically used. Sending information in binary format can sometimes be risky since not all applications or network systems can handle raw binary. You can use any online text to Base64 converter to verify this result. Using this encoding table we can see that the string "Go win" is encoded as "R28gd2lu" using Base64. Here you can see that decimal 17 corresponds to "R", and decimal 54 corresponds to "2", and so on. These decimal values have been given below: Binary Decimal Now for each chunk above, we have to find its decimal value. You won't always be able to divide up the data into full sets of 6 bits, in which case you'll have to deal with padding. Note that some implementations of Base64 use different special characters than "+" and "/".Ĭoming back to the example, let us break our 8 bit data into chunks of 6 bits. ![]() This is because Base64 format only has 64 characters: 26 uppercase alphabet letters, 26 lowercase alphabet letters, 10 numeric characters, and the "+" and "/" symbols for the new line.īase64 doesn't use all the ASCII special characters, but only these few. However as we said earlier, Base64 converts the data in 8 bit binary form to chunks of 6 bits. You can see here that each character is represented by 8 bits. The first step is to convert this string into binary. Suppose we have a string "Go win" and we want to convert it into a Base64 string. ![]() Find the Base64 symbol for each of the decimal values via a Base64 lookup tableįor a better understanding of this concept, let's take a look at an example.Find the decimal version of each of the 6 bit binary chunk.Re-group the 8 bit version of the data into multiple chunks of 6 bits.Calculate the 8 bit binary version of the input text.Here is how it works for strings of text: How Does Base64 Work?Ĭonverting data to base64 is a multi-step process. In fact, the size of a Base64 encoded piece of information is 1.3333 times the actual size of your original data.īase64 is the most widely used base encoding technique with Base16 and Base32 being the other two commonly used encoding schemes. It is important to mention here that Base64 is not an encryption or compression technique, although it can sometimes be confused as encryption due to the way it seems to obscure data. This ensures that the data remains intact without modification during transport.Base64 encoding is a way to convert data (typically binary) into the ASCII character set. When the term "Base64" is used on its own to refer to a specific algorithm, it typically refers to the version of Base64 outlined in RFC 4648, section 4, which uses the following alphabet to represent the radix-64 digits, alongside = as a padding character: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/Ī common variant is "Base64 URL safe", which omits the padding and replaces +/ with -_ to avoid characters that might cause problems in URL path segments or query parameters.īase64 encoding schemes are commonly used to encode binary data for storage or transfer over media that can only deal with ASCII text (or some superset of ASCII that still falls short of accepting arbitrary binary data). The term Base64 originates from a specific MIME content transfer encoding. SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)īase64 is a group of similar binary-to-text encoding schemes that represent binary data in an ASCII string format by translating it into a radix-64 representation.RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) and SRTP (Secure RTP).DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency signaling).DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security).
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